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Dr. Madhu S. Gupta 
Professor

RF Communcation Systems Industry Chair 
Professor of Electrical Engineering 
Director of the Communication Systems and Signal Processing Institute

Publications

  1. The following list of publications includes only the refereed journal articles and refereed, published conference papers; items, such as technical and research contract reports, book reviews, invited lectures and seminars, and unpublished conference presentations are excluded from this list
  2. M. S. Gupta, "Determination of the Noise Parameters of a Linear 2-Port," Electronics Letters, vol. 6, no. 17, pp. 543-544, 20 August 1970.
  3. L. I. Briggs, D. Z. Briggs and M. S. Gupta, "A Document Analysis and Retrieval System," Geoscience Documentation, vol. 3, pp. 72-75, June 1971.
  4. M. S. Gupta and R. J. Lomax, "A Self-Consistent Large-Signal Analysis of Read-Type IMPATT Diode Oscillator," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-18, no. 8, pp. 544-550, August 1971.
  5. M. S. Gupta and R. J. Lomax, "Injection Locking in IMPATT Diode Oscillators," Proc. Third Biennial Cornell Electrical Engineering Conf., pp. 215-223, School of Electrical Engineering , Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, August 1971. Reprinted in: Avalanche Transit-Time Devices, G.I. Haddad, editor, Artech House, Dedham, Mass. 1973, pp. 457-460.
  6. M. S. Gupta, "Noise in Avalanche Transit-Time Devices," Proc. IEEE, vol. 59, no. 12, pp. 1674-1687, December 1971. Reprinted in: Avalanche Transit-Time Devices, G.I. Haddad, editor, Artech House Dedham, Mass. 1973, pp. 389-402.PDF
  7. M. S. Gupta, "Characteristics and Construction of Tests for individualized Evaluation of Edcational Achievement," Proc. 1972 ASEE-IEEE Conf. on Frontiers in Education, Tucson, Arizona, April 1972, p. 164.
  8. M. S. Gupta and R. J. Lomax, "Comments on Noise in Multiple Device Oscillators with Series and Parallel Connection," Proc. IEEE, vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 1003-1004, August 1972.PDF
  9. M. S. Gupta, "Preparation of a Technical Bibliography," IEEE Trans. Professional Communication, vol. PC-16, no. 1, pp. 7-10, March 1973.
  10. M. S. Gupta and R. J. Lomax, "A Current-Excited Large-Signal Analysis of IMPATT Devices and itsCircuit Implications," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-20, no. 4, pp. 395-399, April 1973.PDF
  11. M. S. Gupta, "Computer-Aided Characterization of IMPATT Diodes," Proc. Fourth Biennial Cornell Electrical Engineering Conf., pp. 349-358, School of Electrical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, August 1973.
  12. M. S. Gupta, "A Small-Signal and Noise Equivalent Circuit for IMPATT Diodes," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. MTT-21, no. 9 pp. 591-594, September 1973.PDF
  13. M. S. Gupta, "Large-Signal Equivalent Circuit for IMPATT Diode Characterization and its Application to Amplifiers," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. MTT-21, no. 11, pp. 689-694, November 1973.PDF
  14. M. S. Gupta, R. J. Lomax and G. I. Haddad, "Noise Considerations in Self-Mixing IMPATT-Diode Oscillators for Short-Range Doppler Radar Applications," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. MTT-22, no. 1, pp. 37-43, January 1974.
  15. M. S. Gupta, "Gain Expansion in Negative Resistance Amplifiers," IEEE Jour. Solid-State Circuits, vol. SC-9, no. 1, p. 37, February 1974.
  16. H. H. Tan and M. S. Gupta, "Bidirectional Microwave Repeater for Obstacle Detection Radar in Guided Ground Transportation," 1974 IEEE S-MTT International Microwave Syposium Digest, pp. 343-345, Atlanta, Ga., June 1974.PDF
  17. M. S. Gupta, "Information Retrieval," IEEE Spectrum, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 72-77, May 1974. Reprinted in Career Management: A Guide to Combating Obsolescence, H.G. Kaufman, editor, IEEE Press, New York, 1975, pp. 331-337.
  18. M. S. Gupta, "Evaluation of New Educational Programs," IEEE Trans. Education, vol. E-17, no. 3, pp. 140-142, August 1974.
  19. M. S. Gupta, A Simple Approximate Method of Estimating the Effect of Carrier Diffusion in IMPATT Diodes," Solid-State Electronics, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 327-330, April 1975.
  20. M. S. Gupta, "Applications of Electrical Noise," Proc. IEEE, vol. 62, no. 7, pp. 996-1010, July 1975. Reprinted in Electrical Noise: Fundamentals and Sources, M.S. Gupta, editor, IEEE Press, New York, 1977, pp. 101-115.PDF
  21. M. S. Gupta, "Design of Multi-Device Negative-Resistance Amplifiers with Optimal Linearity," Proc. Fifth Biennial Cornell Electrical Engineering Conf., pp. 428-439, School of Electrical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., August 1975.
  22. M. H. Sankar and M. S. Gupta, "Calculation and Measurement of Locking Time in Injection-Locked Negative-Resistance Oscillators," International Jour. Electronics, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 187-195, August 1975.
  23. M. S. Gupta, "Definition of Instantaneous Frequency and Frequency Measurability," American Jour. Physics, vol. 43, no. 12, pp. 1087-1088, December 1975.
  24. M. S. Gupta, "A Nonlinear Equivalent Circuit for IMPATT Diodes," Solid-State Electronics, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 23-26, January 1976.
  25. M. S. Gupta, "Information Retrieval Techniques in the Engineering Curriculum," IEEE Trans. Education, vol. E-19, no. 4, pp. 165-168, November 1976.
  26. J. F. Cooper and M. S. Gupta, "Microwave Characterization of GaAs MESFET and the Verification of Device Model," IEEE Jour. Solid-State Circuits, vol. SC-12, no. 3, pp. 325-329, June 1977.PDF
  27. M. S. Gupta, "Random Walk Calculation of Diffusion Coefficient of Hot Electrons in Two-Valley Semiconductors" Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 2837-2844, May 1978.
  28. M. S. Gupta, "Stability Measure for Negative-Resistance Amplifiers," International Journal of Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 241-245, September 1978.
  29. M. S. Gupta, "Thermal Fluctuations in Driven Nonlinear Resistive Systems," Physical Review A, vol. A18, no. 6, pp. 2725-2731, December 1978.
  30. M. S. Gupta,"Thermodynamic Limits to Nonlinearity: Lossless Energy-Storing Systems," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 569-573, February 1979.
  31. M. S. Gupta, R. W. Laton, and T. T. Lee, "Frequency Multiplication with High-Power Microwave Field-Effect Transistors," IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, pp. 498-500, Orlando, Florida, April 1979.PDF
  32. G. K. Montress and M. S. Gupta, "Microwave Characterization of Silicon BARITT Diodes Under Large-Signal Conditions," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. MTT-27, no. 5, pp. 458-462, May 1979.PDF
  33. M. S. Gupta, "Georg Simon Ohm and Ohm' Law," IEEE Trans. Education, vol. E-23, no. 3, pp. 156-162, August 1980.
  34. M. S. Gupta, R. W. Laton, and T. T. Lee, "Performance and Design of Microwave FET Harmonic Generators," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. MTT-29, no. 3, pp. 261-263, March 1981.PDF
  35. M. S. Gupta, "What To Teach: Understanding, Designing, and Revising the Curriculum," IEEE Trans. Education, vol. E-24, no. 4, pp. 262-266, November 1981.
  36. M. S. Gupta, "Remote Teaching By Electronic Blackboard," Engineering Education, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 163-166, November 1981. Reprinted in: Digest of Continuing Education News (University of Tennessee, Knoxville), 1981.PDF
  37. M. S. Gupta, "Fluctuations and Dissipation in Elementary One-Bit Information Storage System," Presented at Physics of Computation Conference, Dedham, Mass., May 1981; Published as International Journal of Theoretical Physics, vol. 21, no. 3/4, pp. 275-282, April 1982.
  38. M. S. Gupta, "Thermal Noise in Nonlinear Resistive Devices and Its Circuit Representation," Proc. IEEE, vol. 70, no. 8, pp. 788-804, August 1982.PDF
  39. M. S. Gupta, "EE Hunt in Academe," IEEE Spectrum, vol. 20, no. 7, p. 16, July 1983.
  40. M. S. Gupta, "Book Reviews of Scientific and Technical Books," IEEE Trans. Professional Communications, vol. PC-26, no. 3, pp. 117-120, September 1983.
  41. M. S. Gupta, "Impossibility of Linear Twoport Noise Parameter Measurement with a Single Temperature Noise Source," IEEE Trans. Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. IM-32, no. 3, pp. 443-445, September 1983.
  42. M. S. Gupta, "Is Industrial Experience Necessary for Teaching Engineering," 1983 Frontiers in Education Conference Proceedings, Worcester, Mass., October 1983.
  43. M. S. Gupta, "Why Students Perform Poorly at Problem Solving," 1983 Frontiers, in Education Conference Proceedings, Worcester, Mass., October 1983.
  44. M. S. Gupta, "Information Gain in Finite Precision Measurement of a Fluctuating Variable," Proc. 1983 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, New Delhi, India, pp. 943-947, January 1984.PDF
  45. M. S. Gupta, "Thermodynamic Limits to Nonlinearity. II : Purely-Resistive, Dissipative Systems," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 3121-3126, December 1, 1984.
  46. M. S. Gupta, "Information About a Lack of Information is Informative," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 42-50, February 1985.
  47. M. S. Gupta, "Bias Dependence of Diffusion Noise in GaAs MESFETs with Submicron Gate Lengths," Proc. 9th International Conference on Noise in Physical Systems, May 1987, Montreal, Canada, (World Scientific Publishers, Singapore, 1987), pp. 221-224.
  48. M. S. Gupta, "Noise in Oscillators Employing Submicron Field Effect Transistors (Invited Paper)," Proc. 41st Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, pp. 471-477, Philadelphia, Penn., May 1987.PDF
  49. M. S. Gupta, "Velocity Fluctuation Noise in Semiconductor Layers and in MESFET Channels Under Hot Electron Conditions," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-34, no. 6, pp. 1373-1379, June 1987.PDF
  50. M. S. Gupta, O. Pitzalis, Jr., S. E. Rosenbaum, and P. T. Greiling, "Microwave Noise Characterization of GaAs MESFETs by On-Wafer Measurement of the Output Noise Current," 1987 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, pp. 513-516, Las Vegas, Nev., June 1987.PDF
  51. M. S. Gupta, "Detection of Avalanching in Submicrometer Field-Effect Devices,' IEEE Electron Device Letters, vol. EDL-8, no. 10, pp. 469-471, October 1987.PDF
  52. M. S. Gupta, O. Pitzalis, Jr., S. E. Rosenbaum, and P. T. Greiling, "Microwave Noise Characterization of GaAs MESFETs : Evaluation by Low-Frequency Output Noise Current Measurement," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. MTT-35, no. 12, pp. 1208-1218, December 1987.PDF
  53. M. S. Gupta, "Is Industrial Experience Necessary for Teaching Engineering," IEEE Trans. Education, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 9-20, February 1988.PDF
  54. M. S. Gupta and P. T. Greiling, "Microwave Noise Characterization of GaAs MESFETs : Determination of Extrinsic Noise Parameters," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 745-751, April 1988.PDF
  55. M. S. Gupta, "Noise in High-Speed Digital Systems (Invited Paper)," 1988 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, vol. II, pp. 1127-1130, New York, N.Y., May 1988.PDF
  56. M. S. Gupta, "Upper Bound on the Rate of Entropy Increase Accompanying Noise Power Flow in Linear Networks," IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems, vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 1162-1163, September 1988.PDF
  57. M. S. Gupta, J. R. Grebliunas, and D. Narayanadas, "Noise Characteristics of Millimeter-Wave HEMT Amplifiers," Proc. 19th European Microwave Conference, pp. 1288-1293, London, England, September 1989.
  58. M. S. Gupta and H. J. Kuno, "Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits : The Myth of Limitations," WESCON/90 Conference Record, Anaheim, Calif., pp. 496-501, November 1990.
  59. M. S. Gupta, "Design of Monolithic Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Low Noise Amplifiers," Proc. International Conference on Millimeter Waves and Microwaves, Dehra Dun, India, December 1990.
  60. E. T. S. Pan, M. S. Gupta, C. D. Chang, L. D. Hou, T. Y. Chi, and Y. C. Shih, "Critical Parameter Identification in GaAs MMIC Design and Manufacturing," Proc. 1992 U. S. Conference on Gallium Arsenide Manufacturing Technology, San Antonio, Texas, pp. 1-4, April 1992.
  61. M. S. Gupta, "Power Gain in Feedback Amplifiers, A Classic Revisited," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 864-879, May 1992.
  62. M. S. Gupta, "Degradation of Power Combining Efficiency due to Variability Among Signal Sources," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 1031-1034, May 1992.PDF
  63. M. S. Gupta, "Modeling and Analysis of Noise in MMICs : Recent Progress and Current Status," 1992 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, San Diego, Calif., May 1992.PDF
  64. M. S. Gupta, "Power Combining Efficiency and Its Optimization," Proc. IEE, Part H - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, vol. 139, no. 3, pp. 233-238, June 1992.PDF
  65. M. S. Gupta, "Advanced Components for Millimeter-Wave Imaging," Technical Peoceedings of the NATO Workshop on Military Applications of Millemetre wave Imaging (NATO Defence Research Group, Panel 3 on Physics and Electronics), Hanscom AFB, Bedford, Massachusetts, pp. 92-105, November 1992.
  66. M. S. Gupta, "Speakout : In Academe’s Grungy Groves," IEEE Spectrum, vol. 31, no. 3, p. 16, March 1994.
  67. M. S. Gupta, "Conductance Fluctuations in Mesoscopic Conductors at Low Temperatures," Invited Paper, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 41, no. 11, pp. 2093-2106, November 1994.PDF
  68. M. S. Gupta, "What Should the Universities Teach About Microwave Design," Invited Planery Session Address, Proc. 26th European Microwave Conference (Prague, Czech Republic), September 1996.
  69. M. S. Gupta, "Low-Voltage, Low-Power RF Devices and MMICs," Invited Paper, 1996 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings (New Delhi, India), vol. 1, pp. 279-280, December 1996.
  70. M. S. Gupta, "Electromagnetic Simulation of High-Speed and RF Multi-Chip Modules -- An Overview," Proc. 1996 Weber Research Institute Symposium on Directions for the Next Generation of MMIC Devices and Systems, N. K. Das and H. L. Bertoni, Eds., New York, September 1996 (Plenum Publishing Corp., New York, 1997).
  71. M. S. Gupta, "Design of Low-Power, Low-Voltage FET’s and FET-based MMIC’s for Low-Noise Amplification," Proc. International Symposium on Recent Advances in Microwave Technology, (Malaga, Spain), December 1999.
  72. M. S. Gupta "Nonlinear Noise Analysis in Modern Wireless Communication Systems," Proc. Wireless Symposium and Portable Design Conference, San Jose, February 2000.
  73. M. S. Gupta, "Automotive Radar," in The RF and Microwave Handbook, M. Golio, ed., (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2001), pp. 216-225.
  74. M. S. Gupta, "What is RF?," IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 12-16, December 2001.PDF
  75. M. S. Gupta, "A Fable from Vector Valley," IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 16-22, December 2002.PDF
  76. M. S. Gupta, "Editorial – Information Transmission," IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 6, March 2003.
  77. K. C. Gupta ans M. S. Gupta, "RF and Microwave Tutorials," IEEE Trans. Microwave theory & Techniques, vol. 51, no. 4, Part II, pp. 1301-1305, April 2003.
  78. M. S. Gupta, "IMS University," IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 4, no. 2, p. 6-8, June 2003.
  79. M. S. Gupta, "Homeland Security and Terrorism Countermeasures," IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 4, no. 3, p. 6, September 2003.
  80. M. S. Gupta, "A Nobel Prize for Microwave Engineering," IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 6-8, December 2003.PDF
  81. M. S. Gupta, "The March of Wireless Technology," IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 6, March 2004.PDF
  82. M. S. Gupta, "Is Microwave Engineering a Mature Field ?," IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 6-8, June 2004.PDF
  83. M. S. Gupta, "What Is In a Name? – Gupta’s Laws of Nomenclature," IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 5, no. 3, p. 6-8, September 2004.PDF
  84. M. S. Gupta, "Nanotechnology – the Last Frontier?," IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 6-8, December 2004.
  85. M. S. Gupta, "Noise Models for RF SOI MOS Transistors," Asia Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC2004) Digest of Papers, pp. 13A1-13A4, December 2004.PDF
  86. M. S. Gupta, "Scientific and Technical Periodicals and the Needs They Satisfy," IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 6-8, march 2005.PDF
  87. M. S. Gupta, "Barriers to Technical Communication in Consumer Technology," IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 6-8, June 2005.PDF
  88. M. S. Gupta, "Archiving of Technical Literature," IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 6-8, September 2005.PDF
  89. M. S. Gupta, "Ephemeral vs. Eternal," IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 6-8, December 2005.PDF
  90. M. S. Gupta, "Curricular Implications of Trends in RF and Microwave Industry," IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. XX-XX, December 2005.PDF
  91. M. S. Gupta, "Escher’s Art, Smith Chart, and Hyperbolic Geometry," IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 66-76, October 2006.PDF
  92. M. S. Gupta, "Framing Questions to Attain Higher Educational Objectives," IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 94-105, August 2007.PDF
  93. M. S. Gupta, "Open Book Examinations for Assessing Higher Cognitive Abilities," IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 46-50, December 2007.PDF
  94. M. S. Gupta, "Learning Methods of Problem Solving," IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 134-148, 165, October 2008.PDF
  95. M. S. Gupta, “RF and Low-Frequency noise Models for RF Si MOS Transistors,” International Conference on Microwaves Microwaves-08, Invited Talk, Jaipur, India, November 2008.
  96. V. Nair, M. Gupta, J. Modelski, B. Perlman, S. El-Ghazaly, and K. Varian, “MTT-S India initiative Year 1: A Foundation is Laid,” IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 126-132, October 2009.
  97. M. S. Gupta, “Teaching to Facilitate the Transfer of Learning,” IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 48-59, February 2010.PDF
  98. M. S. Gupta, “Innovating a Microwave Engineering Conference Program,” IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 22-36, May 2010.PDF
  99. M. S. Gupta, “Enhancing the Learning Value of Worked Examples,” IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 40-57, December 2010.PDF
  100. M. S. Gupta, “Comments on Using the Right Terms,” IEEE Antennas & Propagation Magazine, vol. 53, no. 1, p. 149, February 2011.
  101. S. K. Koul, V. Nair, M. S. Gupta, B. Perlman, and S. El-Ghazaly “MTT-S India Initiative: 2011 Update,” IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 131-135, August 2011.
  102. M. S. Gupta, “Microwaves Serving Mankind in Novel and Creative Ways,” 2012 Asia Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC2012), Kaohsiung, Taiwan, December 2012.
  103. M. S. Gupta, “The Core Values of a Professional Society,” IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 14, no. 2, March/April 2013.PDF
  104. M. S. Gupta, “Volunteering for a Professional Society,” IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 14-22, June 2013.PDF
  105. M. S. Gupta, “Honors and Awards Program of the Society,” IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 14, no. 5, p. 8, July/August 2013.PDF
  106. M. S. Gupta, “The Value of a Professional Society Membership,” IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 14, no, 6, pp. October 2013.PDF
  107. M. S. Gupta, “Meeting Technical Information Needs of Professionals,” IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 12-18, December 2013.PDF
  108. M. S. Gupta and E. Cabrera, “Radio and Wireless Week in San Diego,” IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 8-9, November/December 2014.
  109. A. Y. J. Szeto and M. S. Gupta, “Why Should You Choose Electrical Engineering,” in Electrical Engineering for the Curious: Why Study Electrical Engineering, K. Vaidya, Editor (Academic Publishing, Canberra, Australia, 2015) (ISBN 978-1-925128-48-2).
  110. J. E. Rayas-Sanchez, D. Pasquet, B. Szendrenyi, and M. S. Gupta, “MTT-S Mexico Trip: Addressing the RF and Microwave Community in Mexico,” IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 104-107, August 2015. (DOI: 10.1109/MMM.2015.2431240).
  111. M. S. Gupta, "Millimeter Wave Technology -- A Gateway to the Future," IEEE MTT-S 2016 International Microwave Symposium (IMS2016), San Francisco, CA, May 24, 2016.

 

Other Selected Publications

  • PATENT DISCLOSURE

M. S. Gupta, O. Pitzalis, S. E. Rosenbaum, and P. T. Greiling, "Method of Measuring FET Noise Parameters,' U. S. Patent No. 4908570, granted March 13, 1990.

  • VIDEOTAPE 

M. S. Gupta, "Automobile Radars," IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society Tutorial Videotape Series, (IEEE, New York), April 1990.

M. S. Gupta, "MCM Technology for High-Speed and RF Systems," OCATE Videotapes on Advanced Technology, Electronic Packaging and Manufacturing Technologies Series (Oregon Center for Advanced Technology Education, Beaverton, OR), May 1996.

  • DESIGN RULE BOOK

M. S. Gupta, MMIC Layout Rules for the Design of GaAs MMIC Circuits (Gallium Arsenide Operations, Hughes Aircraft Co., Torrance, Calif.), March 1993.